> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.cloud.cdata.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Math

> Math functions perform various mathematical operations on the data.

## ABS

Returns the absolute (positive) value of the specified numeric expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
ABS(numeric_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **numeric\_expression** The expression of an indeterminate numeric data type except for the bit data type.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT ABS(15);
-- Result: 15

SELECT ABS(-15);
-- Result: 15
```

## ACOS

Returns the arc cosine, the angle in radians whose cosine is the specified float expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
ACOS(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression that specifies the cosine of the angle to be returned. Values outside the range from -1 to 1 return null.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT ACOS(0.5);
-- Result: 1.0471975511966
```

## ASIN

Returns the arc sine, the angle in radians whose sine is the specified float expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
ASIN(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression that specifies the sine of the angle to be returned. Values outside the range from -1 to 1 return null.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT ASIN(0.5);
-- Result: 0.523598775598299
```

## ATAN

Returns the arc tangent, the angle in radians whose tangent is the specified float expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
ATAN(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression that specifies the tangent of the angle to be returned.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT ATAN(10);
-- Result: 1.47112767430373
```

## ATN2

Returns the angle in radians between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (y, x) where x and y are the values of the two specified float expressions.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
ATN2(float_expression1, float_expression2)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression1** The float expression that is the y-coordinate.
* **float\_expression2** The float expression that is the x-coordinate.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT ATN2(1, 1);
-- Result: 0.785398163397448
```

## CEILING

Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the specified numeric expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
CEILING ( numeric_expression ) or CEIL( numeric_expression )
```

**Parameters**

* **numeric\_expression** The expression of an indeterminate numeric data type except for the bit data type.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT CEILING(1.3);
-- Result: 2

SELECT CEILING(1.5);
-- Result: 2

SELECT CEILING(1.7);
-- Result: 2
```

## COS

Returns the trigonometric cosine of the specified angle in radians in the specified expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
COS(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression of the specified angle in radians.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT COS(1);
-- Result: 0.54030230586814
```

## COT

Returns the trigonometric cotangent of the angle in radians specified by float\_expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
COT(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression of the angle in radians.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT COT(1);
-- Result: 0.642092615934331
```

## DEGREES

Returns the angle in degrees for the angle specified in radians.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
DEGREES(numeric_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **numeric\_expression** The angle in radians, an expression of an indeterminate numeric data type except for the bit data type.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT DEGREES(3.1415926);
-- Result: 179.999996929531
```

## EXP

Returns the exponential value of the specified float expression. For example, EXP(LOG(20)) is 20.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
EXP(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT EXP(2);
-- Result: 7.38905609893065
```

## EXPR

Evaluates the expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
EXPR(expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **expression** The expression. Operators allowed are `+, -, \*, /, ==, !=, >, <, >=, and <=`.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT EXPR('1 + 2 * 3');
-- Result: 7

SELECT EXPR('1 + 2 * 3 == 7');
-- Result: true
```

## FLOOR

Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the numeric expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
FLOOR(numeric_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **numeric\_expression** The expression of an indeterminate numeric data type except for the bit data type.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT FLOOR(1.3);
-- Result: 1

SELECT FLOOR(1.5);
-- Result: 1

SELECT FLOOR(1.7);
-- Result: 1
```

## GREATEST

Returns the greatest of the supplied integers.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
GREATEST(int1,int2,....)
```

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT GREATEST(3,5,8,10,1)
-- Result: 10
```

## HEX

Returns a the equivalent hex for the input value.

**Syntax**

```sql theme={null}
HEX(value)
```

**Parameters**

* **value**: A string or numerical value to be converted into hex.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT HEX(866849198);
-- Result: 33AB11AE

SELECT HEX('Sample Text');
-- Result: 53616D706C652054657874
```

## LEAST

Returns the least of the supplied integers.

```
LEAST(int1,int2,....)
```

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT LEAST(3,5,8,10,1)
-- Result: 1
```

## LOG

Returns the natural logarithm of the specified float expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
LOG( float_expression [, base ] )
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression.
* **base** The optional integer argument that sets the base for the logarithm.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT LOG(7.3890560);
-- Result: 1.99999998661119
```

## LOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified float expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
LOG10( float_expression )
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The expression of type float.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT LOG10(10000);
-- Result: 4
```

## MOD

Returns the integer value associated with the remainder when dividing the dividend by the divisor.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
MOD(dividend,divisor)
```

**Parameters**

* **dividend** The number to take the modulus of.
* **divisor** The number to divide the dividend by when determining the modulus.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT MOD(10,3);
-- Result: 1
```

## NEGATE

Returns the opposite to the real number input.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
NEGATE(real_number)
```

**Parameters**

* **real\_number** The real number to find the opposite of.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT NEGATE(10);
-- Result: -10

SELECT NEGATE(-12.4)
--Result: 12.4
```

## PI

Returns the constant value of pi.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
PI()
```

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT PI()
-- Result: 3.14159265358979
```

## POWER

Returns the value of the specified expression raised to the specified power.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
POWER(float_expression , y)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression.
* **y** The power to raise float\_expression to.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT POWER(2, 10);
-- Result: 1024

SELECT POWER(2, -2);
-- Result: 0.25
```

## RADIANS

Returns the angle in radians of the angle in degrees.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
RADIANS(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The degrees of the angle as a float expression.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT RADIANS(180);
-- Result: 3.14159265358979
```

## RAND

Returns a pseudorandom float value from 0 through 1, exclusive.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
RAND( [ integer_seed ] )
```

**Parameters**

* **seed** The optional integer expression that specifies the seed value. If seed is not specified, a seed value at random will be assigned.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT RAND();
-- This result may be different, since the seed is randomized
-- Result: 0.873159630165044

SELECT RAND(1);
-- This result will always be the same, since the seed is constant
-- Result: 0.248668584157093
```

## ROUND

Returns the numeric value rounded to the specified length or precision.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
ROUND( numeric_expression [ ,integer_length] [ ,function ] )
```

**Parameters**

* **numeric\_expression** The expression of a numeric data type.
* **length** The optional precision to round the numeric expression to. When this is omitted, the default behavior will be to round to the nearest whole number.
* **function** The optional type of operation to perform. When the function parameter is omitted or has a value of 0 (default), numeric\_expression is rounded. When a value other than 0 is specified, numeric\_expression is truncated.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT ROUND(1.3, 0);
-- Result: 1

SELECT ROUND(1.55, 1);
-- Result: 1.6

SELECT ROUND(1.7, 0, 0);
-- Result: 2
SELECT ROUND(1.7, 0, 1);
-- Result: 1

SELECT ROUND (1.24);
-- Result: 1.0
```

## SIGN

Returns the positive sign (1), 0, or negative sign (-1) of the specified expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
SIGN(numeric_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **numeric\_expression** The expression of an indeterminate data type except for the bit data type.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT SIGN(0);
-- Result: 0

SELECT SIGN(10);
-- Result: 1

SELECT SIGN(-10);
-- Result: -1
```

## SIN

Returns the trigonometric sine of the angle in radians.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
SIN(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The float expression specifying the angle in radians.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT SIN(1);
-- Result: 0.841470984807897
```

## SQRT

Returns the square root of the specified float value.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
SQRT(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The expression of type float.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT SQRT(100);
-- Result: 10
```

## SQUARE

Returns the square of the specified float value.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
SQUARE(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The expression of type float.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT SQUARE(10);
-- Result: 100

SELECT SQUARE(-10);
-- Result: 100
```

## TAN

Returns the tangent of the input expression.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
TAN(float_expression)
```

**Parameters**

* **float\_expression** The expression of type float.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT TAN(1);
-- Result: 1.5574077246549
```

## TRUNC

Returns the supplied decimal number truncated to have the supplied decimal precision.

**Syntax**

```bash theme={null}
TRUNC(decimal_number,precision)
```

**Parameters**

* **decimal\_number** The decimal value to truncate.
* **precision** The number of decimal places to truncate the decimal number to.

**Examples**

```sql theme={null}
SELECT TRUNC(10.3423,2);
-- Result: 10.34
```